Atom is composed of a nucleus which contains protons and neutrons. This introduction of dopants results in the creation of new, intraband, energy levels and the generation of either negative electrons or positive holes charge carriers. This comprehensive introduction to the elementary theory and properties of semiconductors describes the basic physics of semiconductor materials and technologies for fabrication of semiconductor devices. Semiconductor, any of a class of crystalline solids intermediate in electrical conductivity between a conductor and an insulator. The properties of a pure semiconductor are called intrinsic, whilst those resulting from the introduction of dopants are called extrinsic. I wasnt wellversed in semiconductor physics or technology. Applications illustrated with computergenerated animations. Ravindran, phy075 condensed matter physics, spring 20 16 july.
Neudeck and pierret advanced semiconductor fundamentals dimitrijev understanding semiconductor devices mayer and lau electronic materials science colclaser and diehlnagle materials and devices for electrical engineers and physicists tipler physics for scientists and engineers v4. Semiconductor materials are a subclass of materials distinguished by the existence of a range of disallowed energies between the energies of the valence electrons outermost core electrons and the energies of electrons free to move throughout the material. Such devices have found wide application because of their compactness, reliability, power efficiency, and low cost. Silicon is incredibly important as a material in the industry because its a semiconductor. The conductivity of a semiconductor is somewhere between that of an insulator, which has almost no conductivity, and a conductor, which has almost full conductivity. A single semiconductor crystal can have many p and ntype regions. Semiconductor optoelectronic devices introduction to physics and simulation. Semiconductor physics an introduction is suitable for the senior undergraduate or new graduate student majoring in electrical engineering or physics.
Includes numerous illustrative examples and graded problems. It will also be useful to solidstate scientists and device engineers involved in semiconductor design and technology. Pdf semiconductor physics and devices by donald neamen book. Provides fundamental knowledge in semiconductor physics and in electromagnetics, while helping to understand and use advanced device simulation software. This is a very useful little book that would be of interest to not only students of electrical engineering and physics but also those professional workers who were brought up on thermionic valves and who now find themselves using semiconductor devices with. A detailed description of the solar cell operation is then provided, including the conversion efficiency limitations. Life as we know it would hardly be possible without semiconductor devices. Page 1 introduction a semiconductor is a material that has a resistivity lies between that of a conductor and an insulator. Seeger is one of the mostly used source book in the field of semiconductor physics. When numbers of atoms are grouped together, the energy levels fall into certain fixed bands made up of the discrete energy levels of individual electrons. Britney spears guide to semiconductor physics lasers. Karlheinz seeger televisions, telephones, watches, calculators, robots, airplanes and space vehicles all depend on silicon chips.
Other readers will always be interested in your opinion of the books youve read. Basic semiconductor physics, britney spears guide to. Introduction to semiconductor physics and radioelectronics. Carrier density is also affected by the presence of dopants, which change the width of the band gap and produce excess electrons or holes. An extrinsic semiconductor can be formed from an intrinsic semiconductor by adding impurity atoms to the crystal in a process known as doping. Pozhela and coworkers at vilniusussr was published by izdatelstvo mir, mo scow. Short table of contents list of figures, list of tables title page table of contents cdrom help.
In order for our silicon crystal to conduct electricity, we need to introduce an impurity atom such as arsenic, antimony or phosphorus into the crystalline structure making it extrinsic impurities are added. This book will be useful to solidstate scientists, device engineers, and students involved in semiconductor design and technology. Introduction to semiconductor materials slideshare. This is a very useful little book that would be of interest to not only students of electrical engineering and physics but also those professional workers who were brought up on thermionic valves and who now find themselves using semiconductor devices with little more than a pictorial knowledge of the basic physical processes involved. Introduction to semiconductor physics grahn, holger t on. How ntype and ptype semiconductors are made of silicon doped with phosphorous or boron. It is a little known fact, that ms spears is an expert in semiconductor physics. Crystal structure, band structure, carrier transport, phonons, scattering processes and optical properties are presented for typical. Mar 25, 2018 in this video, i talk about the roadmap to learning semiconductor physics, and what the driving questions we are trying to answer are. Semiconductor devices introduction it is widely seen that the distance of a nucleus from the electron of a particular atom is not equal.
While its rather easy to understand what a transistor does. Ee 243 spring 2012 advanced ic processing and layout. The semiconductor is in internal turmoil, with bonds being broken and reformed continuously. Silicon, germanium and graphite are some examples of semiconductors. An introduction to the semiconductor physics is given, followed by the electron transport phenomena in a diode device. Past course materials are posted here for your reference. Of course, the name is selfexplanatory, but theres more to it.
In the fourth course on semiconductor physics, we start with quantum theory of solids. This page contains materials for the session on semiconductors. Oct 09, 2014 jjj thursday, october 9, 2014 link just took a quick look at the article for now so maybe ive missed it but i dont think you mention 3d at all actual 3d not finfet or 2. Addresses approaches to modeling and provides details of measurement techniques. In intrinsic semiconductors, electronhole charge carrier pairs are promoted to the conduction band by ambient thermal energy, as described by the maxwellboltzmann distribution. Introduction to semiconductor materials and devices. They have conductivities in the range of 10 4 to 10 4sm. Prerequisites to understand this presentation, you should have the following prior knowledge. It features a 1hour lecture video, and also presents the prerequisites, learning objectives, reading assignment, lecture slides, homework with solutions, and resources for further study. Mar 24, 2015 how ntype and ptype semiconductors are made of silicon doped with phosphorous or boron. Download citation on researchgate on jan 1, 1985, karlheinz seeger and others published semiconductor physics. Some of the chapters in this book include nonequilibrium excess carriers in semiconductors, pn junction diode and semiconductor heterostructure, special semiconductor devices and advance processes, introduction to the quantum theory of solids, and physics and crystal properties of semiconductors. Semiconductors are used extensively in electronic circuits. Our series on semiconductor devices consists of three courses.
Brennan the physics of semiconductor devices solymar and walsh electrical properties of materials neudeck and. Demonstrates the combination of measurements and simulations in order to obtain realistic results and provides data on all required material parameters. Semiconductor physics an introduction karlheinz seeger. Ppt semiconductor physics powerpoint presentation free. Semiconductors are employed in the manufacture of various kinds of electronic devices, including diodes, transistors, and integrated circuits. Semiconductor physics an introduction karlheinz seeger springer. The first edition of semiconductor physics was published in 1973 by springerverlag wiennew york as a paperback in the springer study edition.
Semiconductors are materials whose electronic properties are intermediate between those of metals and insulators. The interesting feature about semiconductors is that they are bipolar and current is transported. The variation in the energy gap between different semiconductor materials means that the intrinsic carrier concentration at a given temperature also varies. Indeed, the ancient greeks put this hypothesis forward over two millennia ago. Introduction to semiconductors and semiconductor devices a background equalization lecture reading. Research on semiconducting materials started in the early nineteenth century. Introduction to physics and simulation ebook written by joachim piprek. Download for offline reading, highlight, bookmark or take notes while you read semiconductor optoelectronic devices. Writing a book on semiconductor device physics and design is never complete and probably never completely satisfying. Basic semiconductor material science and solidstate physics all terrestrial materials are made up of atoms.
Each of the known 118 elements has atoms that are different from the atoms of all. In this module we will introduce the course and the semiconductor devices specialization. Created when the dopant is an element that has five electrons in its valence layer. An introduction advanced texts in physics karlheinz seeger on. Whether youve loved the book or not, if you give your honest and detailed thoughts then people will find new books that are right for them. The volume has increased somewhat because several improvements have been made and some new items have been included. Each of the known 118 elements has atoms that are different from the atoms of all other elements. Introduction to semiconductor devices pdf free download. The phosphorus atoms join right in the crystal structure of the silicon, each one bonding with four adjacent silicon atoms just like a silicon atom would. Oct 09, 2014 an introduction to semiconductor physics, technology, and industry. Fundamentals of semiconductor physics introduction. Introduction to semiconductor the material which has electrical conductivity between that of a conductor and that of an insulator is called as semiconductor.
The text concentrates on silicon and gallium arsenide devices and includes models of silicon bipolar junction transistors, junction field. Electrons surrounding an atomic nucleus have certain welldefined energy levels. Morant, introduction to semiconductor devices, harrap, london, 1964, pp. If you liked this video and want to see more like it, please. Device performances are driven by new materials, scaling, and new device concepts such as bandstructure and polarization engineering. The dipoles can be formed as a result of unbalanced distribution of electrons in asymmetrical molecules. Draw the structure of an atom, including electrons, protons, and neutrons. Ravindran, introduction to semiconductor physics uio. As its name implies, a semiconductor is a material that conducts current, but only partly.
Jul 11, 2019 hello, well start todays course devoted on the physics of silicon solar cells for an introduction to semiconductor physics. This is caused by the instantaneous location of a few more electrons on one side of the nucleus than on the other. Lecture 1 introduction to semiconductors and semiconductor. In total, semiconductor physics and devices contains 10 chapters. The diagram above shows the structure and lattice of a normal pure crystal of silicon. Introduction in order to understand the physics of semiconductor sc devices, we should first learn how atoms bond together to form the solids. The aim of a solar cell consist in the conversion of solar energy into electricity. Semiconductor optoelectronic devices sciencedirect. However, it was not until the twentieth century that the atomic theory of matter became firmly established as an unassailable, demonstrated fact. Crystal structure, band structure, carrier transport, phonons, scattering processes and optical properties are presented for typical semiconductors such as silicon, but iiiv and iivi compounds are also included. Page 1 introduction a semiconductor is a material that has a resistivity lies between that of a conductor.
Ravindran, phy02e semiconductor physics, 26 december 2012. Ee143 covers the undergraduate level microfabrication topics. Not content with just singing and acting, in the following pages, she will guide you in the fundamentals of the vital semiconductor laser components that have made it possible to hear her super music in a digital format. Since then, many semiconductors have been investigated. A description of the solar spectrum and the optical properties of the cells are also presented. Introduction introduction to semiconductor physics. Introduction to semiconductor physics 5 residual resistivity and defects shown here are measured curves of the low temperature resistivity of na with different defect concentrations the resistivity is constant for very small temperatures. This book, now in its ninth edition, still has the character of a textbook with the emphasis on physics. The semiconductor materials used in electronic devices are doped under precise conditions to control the concentration and regions of p and ntype dopants. Semiconductor devices specialization introduction quantum. This book deals mainly with physical device models which are developed from the carrier transport physics and device geometry considerations. Provides fundamental knowledge in semiconductor physics and in electromagnetics, while helping to understand and use advanced device. Karlheinz seeger it is a pleasure to take the opportunity to express my sincere grati tude to many colleagues who provided valuable hints for improvements, even including lists of misprints which i hope have now.
This book covers the physics of semiconductors on an introductory level, assuming that the reader already has some knowledge of condensed matter physics. An introduction to semiconductor physics, technology, and industry. Pdf semiconductor physics and devices by donald neamen. In this video, i talk about the roadmap to learning semiconductor physics, and what the driving questions we are trying to answer are. Introduction to semiconductor physics and devices youtube. I must confess that until recently, i wasnt wellversed in semiconductor physics or technology. Ppt semiconductor physics powerpoint presentation free to. An introduction to semiconductor physics, technology, and. Advanced ic processing and layout university of california.
784 1232 1439 758 167 260 548 1034 1241 1095 249 1226 1105 618 291 141 34 1594 1470 1488 741 1505 1094 240 45 89 1425 1304 461 648